Organizational Behavior for Journal of Managerial Psychology

Question: Examine about theOrganizational Behavior for Journal of Managerial Psychology. Answer: Presentation Hierarchical conduct is the investigation of the conduct of people in an authoritative setting. Powerful authoritative conduct the executives is basic for the achievement and development of any business (Griffin Moorhead, 2011). A people conduct in these authoritative settings is to a great extent affected by different elements including work environment condition, timings, nature of work and hierarchical approaches. Authoritative conduct incorporates the investigation of hierarchical representatives culture, religion, social qualities, morals and financial foundations. This report illuminates authoritative conduct speculations, rehearses and their essentialness in the association. The report likewise reflects upon different advances that must be taken to improve workforce assorted variety just as late changes that the authoritative conduct rehearses are seeing. Paper subject It is smarter to depend on generalizations than to go into a relationship with somebody from another culture with no thought of what they have faith in. The expanding work environment decent variety is a consequence of globalization (Hamilton, 2015). Individuals from various pieces of the globe meet up and move in the direction of comparable objectives. This outcomes in building different long haul connections that to a great extent sway associations just as people related with the association. Individuals originating from various religions, geologies and social or monetary foundations have various generalizations related with them. Generalizations can be founded on religion, age, station or geology (Bertolino, 2013) These generalizations could conceivably relate with everybody except it is critical to take note of that there is a motivation behind why these generalizations exist. While teaming up with various individuals it is frequently more shrewd to know about the generalizations that are related with the individuals as this helps the associations in planning for what's to come. For instance, Employees from France are related wit h being unpunctual. In this way, while recruiting a French worker, the supervisor can guarantee to keep a specific measure of edge while giving them work cutoff times. On the off chance that the representative, adheres to the cutoff time and finishes the work on schedule, the there is no disadvantage. Be that as it may, in the event that the worker is late as portrayed by the generalization, at that point too the association has enough time as edge for the necessary work. Authoritative conduct hypotheses There are different speculations that are related with hierarchical conduct. The hypothesis in conversation for this report is that of indistinguishable boss representative conduct. This hypothesis proposes that the association must force comparable approaches, objectives, conduct rules and moral codes for the business just as all the representatives. Ramifications of this hypothesis spurs representatives to try sincerely and assembles a situation of dignity inside the association. This is explicitly helpful when the association is various and has individuals from various foundations cooperating. According to the article question over, this hypothesis proposes that all the representatives must be dealt with similarly as opposed to making an inclination because of the generalizations related with them. One key factors that influence representative development in any business is Motivation (Stein Cropanzano, 2011). There are different inspirational hypotheses that must be utilized in t he association so as to spur representatives to buckle down. Maslows need order hypothesis makes a five degrees of requirements for each person. When the physical and social needs of workers are satisfied, associations must concentration after satisfying regard needs of representatives so as to keep them inspired (Anderson, 2014). In a various situation, each individual would have an alternate wellspring of regard. For instance, as per the generalizations, an American workers regard need are satisfied by giving them extra force, a Chinese representatives regard needs are satisfied by giving them extra obligations then again, an Indian or African workers regard needs are satisfied by offering them extra compensation. In this way, these generalizations help associations in understanding worker needs. Note that generalizations assume a job just in the start of any relationship. When the correspondence between the two gatherings creates, generalizations are broken and choices are made dependent on encounters. Authoritative issues structure a piece of each driving association that exists today. As associations are getting increasingly enhanced, association is starting to confront exceptional moves that should be tended to. These issues are looked at administrative level, worker level just as authoritative level (Laura, 2012). Coming up next are a portion of the main issues looked by associations during the time spent structure associations with various individuals: Correspondence issues: The most significant issue that exists in building an assorted association wherein individuals from various foundations cooperate is the correspondence issue looked by workers everywhere (Patrick Kumar, 2012). Each individual has their own one of a kind nearby language and authority language that the individual best conveys in. If there should arise an occurrence of a differing association, there are different language hindrances. So as to address the equivalent, all associations set up their official language. All the associations must give preparing to their remote workers to get familiar with the official language of the association just as the nearby language of the nation. Social issues: Every individual originates from an alternate social foundation. Chinese associations have a functioning and dynamic authoritative culture where individuals are regularly shouting at one another. Then again, Japan has a quiet culture and shouting at anybody is viewed as discourteous and haughty. As per the principles of their religion, Muslims need to ask multiple times in a day. In this manner association with Muslim workers need to permit them required time during the day to ask. Hindus then again are limited by religion to eat non-veggie lover food. Thus associations with Hindu workers must maintain a strategic distance from or limit non-veggie lover suppers in the regular wash room zone. Accordingly so as to address this issue, preparing about various culture must be given (Sartorius, 2011). Social issues may make a specific sort of predisposition on the premise on strict practices, customs and language inside the association. Social Issues: There are different issues that are made by society. These accepted practices of representatives should be comprehended and regarded while utilizing a different workforce (Hyde et. al., 2013). For instance, Muslim ladies are relied upon to cover their heads consistently while different social orders think that its typical for ladies to wear skirts or jeans. Certain social orders confine ladies from working around evening time while a few ladies like to work late in the night. All these are plain generalizations however they should be seen well ahead of time by associations before recruiting workers from various foundations. Bad marks of generalizing Generalizing of a person in not off-base in reality it to a great extent helps associations in being set up for what they may experience. At a similar purpose of time, it is essential to take note of that only one out of every odd individual may altogether hold fast to the generalization related with them. Generalizing representatives may prompt a negative work culture, judgment among representatives towards one another, halfway or uncalled for treatment and decreased efficiency inside the association. Along these lines it is suggested that hierarchical directors must embrace the positive side of generalizing. Differing associations are basic for the achievement and development of a business in the present situation. Negative parts of applying generalizations are additionally alluded to as quiet destroyers of the association. Thus, chiefs must utilize their prudence and remembering the profitability of association, they should embrace to the positive parts of generalizations and oversee workforce in the way that relinquishes the negative effects of generalizing. Ongoing advancements in authoritative conduct Hierarchical conduct speculations have seen a ton of changes since their initiation. Customary hypotheses have been altered and formed to suit the present work environment condition and changing authoritative needs. Different changes in authoritative practices are as underneath: Various associations Globalization on the planet has permitted individuals from various pieces of the world to cooperate in a solitary association. This has prompted the making of various workforce. Assorted associations improve hierarchical execution as individuals originating from various capabilities are amalgamated to cooperate (Lynn et. al., 2013). Expanding job of ladies Ladies have begun assuming a significant job in hierarchical setting. Today ladies are venturing outside their customary ranges of familiarity as well as exceeding expectations in their separate fields and accomplishing positions of authority in numerous authoritative settings (Safa, 2018). Customarily, most associations were male prevailing. Improving innovation Coming of innovation has likewise permitted organizations to develop and has to a great extent sorted out different authoritative practices and arrangements. Worker execution assessment and client relationship is currently being totally overseen by innovation and this has prompted expanded proficiency of the business. Supervisors are guides Associations have been taking different endeavors in building long haul associations with their workers. Prior workers were just manikins in the possession of the board. Today, they have a solid state and profound dynamic power. Directors sort out guiding meetings in their workplaces and attempt to comprehend their representatives better. Representative objectives are very much lined up with hierarchical objectives to urge workers to perform better. To Conclude, Stereotyping is in effect to a great extent embraced by different associations attributable to an increasi

Examining Different Arguments Related to the Choice of a Career Essay Example for Free

Looking at Different Arguments Related to the Choice of a Career Essay Appraisal Part A: Critically Evaluating an Argument  Arts and Sciences (Advantage): Lots of adaptability in profession decisions: Logically Sound Arts and Sciences (Disadvantage): Leads to a vocation in food administration Do you need fries with that? : Irrational Appeal Education (Advantage): The most ideal approach to have any kind of effect on the planet: Logically Sound Education (Disadvantage): Guaranteed low paying occupation: Shifting the Burden of Proof Nursing (Advantage): People consistently will require medical caretakers: Logically Sound Nursing (Disadvantage): Too much tutoring (as per Theo, the Law understudy): Shifting the Burden of Proof Information Systems and Technology (Advantage): No other degree fixation is as inventive (as indicated by Grace): Shifting the Burden of Proof Information Systems and Technology (Disadvantage): Too constrained in scope for much progression in business circumstance (as per Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Advantage): Infinite vocat ion choices (as per Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Disadvantage): Boring work, stuck behind a work area throughout the day: Shifting the Burden of Proof Health and Human Services (Advantage): All the advantages of Arts and Sciences, yet limitlessly increasingly engaged and pertinent: Oversimplifying Health and Human Services (Disadvantage): Job choices are all in very un-innovative fields. : Double Standard Appraisal Part B: Articulating the Steps Involved in Evaluating an Argument Write out the two most convincing contentions you heard that influenced your choice. Next, show one that you heard that had a major sensible blunder in it, yet which you despite everything thought was significant. In the IT field, thre isn't just a great deal of chances there, from website composition, to business frameworks and innovation. There is additionally a colossal interest in that field. The compensation go additionally begins at a really decent level. One ofthe contentions I heard is that since I would begin at a section level situation, there is a decent chance that I would not get the hours that I am searching for. Were there any mistakes in truth with that contention? Depict what those blunders were, and what made them mistakes. There were a few blunders in that reality. There probably won't be such an appeal in my general vicinity that I live in. If I somehow managed to live in an exceptionally barren zone with little organizations, there probably won't be as much open door as others may have. Shouldn't something be said about mistakes of legitimacy? Keep in mind, these are blunders in thinking †and theyre somewhat harder to comprehend! Let me know whether there are any mistakes of legitimacy in this contention. I didnt feel that there were actually any blunders in the legitimacy of the contention, notwithstanding, there are a few things that probably won't be viewed as legitimate by a few. For example, this field probably won't be for everybody. A few people may discover some happiness in it, while others probably won't care for it by any means. Modify the contention so it expels all blunders. Rehash it in a manner that is intelligently solid. The field can be extremely encouraging, permitting you to have the chance to take in substantial income. Additionally, more often than not, there are an appeal for business, however it likewise relies upon where you are searching for work. Investigate all of what the activity involves, in light of the fact that it may be for you, despite the fact that I appreciate it. Take somewhat more time on this one. What it was that driven you to pick this degree focus. Depict both about how you assessed the contentions and furthermore about what you esteemed most. I feel that the most significant point made in these contentions is which field I would appreciate the most. In the event that I have an energy for innovative administrations, at that point this is presumably a decent field for me. Likewise, if the compensation scale is precise, that is an extraordinary beginning at passage level.

Preparing for Pi Day

Preparing for Pi Day dont freak out. 1. Prepare Your Wifi I applied early to MIT last year, so decisions came out at something like 9:30 AM on a Saturday morning (Pacific time). During that time, I was scheduled to be at a day-long retreat with my church youth group with no Internet access. I also didnt have a smartphone. I sure wasnt going to spend all day in agonized waiting for wifi access (especially on a retreat day where I was supposed to be focusing on my relationship with God), so my I gave my brother my MyMIT password and asked him to check for me. I got to experience the torturous thrill of waiting for the admissions results page to load by proxy, via my cell phone buzzing in my pocket and loading the text message my brother sent me. (It was something short, along the lines of Congratulations!). If youre always nervously unpatient about these sorts of things, like me, it might be a good idea to plan this one ahead. But to each their own. You might want to wait until nighttime and open your letter under your covers so youre not in public when you find out. You might want to open it together with your family or close friends there for support. Speaking of which 2. Prepare Your Friends I had a close friend who also applied early to MIT. We of course wanted to know if the other had gotten accepted, but our primary mode of communication was (and still is) gchat. This presented a bit of a problem when I had no wifi access and wouldnt be able to talk out loud, and his phone didnt have a texting plan. We decided to set up a calling system where if either of us got accepted, we would call the other person and let the line ring. No phone call == no acceptance. After I got my brothers text message and had a momentary mental celebration, I dialed my friends phone number and crossed my fingers for his reply. It came two minutes later. Were roommates now. Its a good idea to set up something like this if you have close friends who also applied to MIT. At the same time, if you dont arrange something like this, be careful of being that guy or gal who goes around asking everybody who applied if they got in. Thats a very tricky and sensitive position to maneuver and odds are youre not a very popular person for it. 3. Stay Off CollegeConfidential I dont know a single person who has gone to CollegeConfidential and felt better about themselves, their situation, or their application. Im talking about you, /massachusetts-institute-technology. In my experience CollegeConfidential is more a source of stress and nervousness and personal insecurity than anything else, and its not going to help you in the days leading up to Pi Day. Frantically checking CollegeConfidential is sort of like scratching an itch or twiddling your thumbs until theyre sore. Youre waiting for results and you want to do something about it, so you check websites like CollegeConfidential compulsively. Dont. (Please). Reading about all the accomplishments of other people who have applied or already been accepted will not be a Fun Time (unless you too are a seven-time International Math Olympiad gold medalist and have also developed cures for both HIV and breast cancer, in which case you don’t need CollegeConfidential anyway). You are, of course, welcome to check MITAdmissions compulsively instead of CollegeConfidential. I recommend rewatching the bloggers’ Pi(e) Day video. It’s a documented source of happy. 4. Keep Yourself Busy In other words, keep twiddling your thumbs. Get a project done or marathon the entirety of Buffy the Vampire Slayer this week (highly recommended). Make pies. Eat pies! If you keep yourself busy you wont have to think about the impending decision day looming on the horizon. In fact, it might even be a good idea to work ahead on schoolworkwhether you got accepted, waitlisted, or rejected, youre not going to want to get much work done after pi day. 5. Say Your Thank Yous Nows a good time to send thank-you emails to teachers that recommended you and everyone who helped you with your application. People like being updated, and then on pi day all you have to do is follow up that email or note with your results. Its also a great way to calm your nerves, taking a moment to remember those whove helped you. Heck, write your dog a thank-you note. Im sure he or she gave you loads of furry comfort during application season. 6. Relax Seriously. This is The Most Important Thing. Take this week and promise yourself that youll get enough sleep, eat breakfast every day, watch an episode of My Little Pony every day, whatever. Have some fun! You already deserve it for making it so far in high school and choosing to applying to MIT. Much love! After pi day there will be discussion threads here at MITAdmissions for everyone, no matter your results, so come hang out with us :) Allan

Neighboring Countries in Geography

While some countries have many neighbors, others have very few. The number of bordering countries a nation has is an extremely important factor when considering its  geopolitical relationship with surrounding countries. International borders play an important role in trade, national security, access to resources, and more.   Many Neighbors China and Russia each have fourteen neighboring countries, more neighbors than the other countries of the world. Russia, the worlds largest country in area, has these fourteen neighbors: Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, North Korea, Norway, Poland, and Ukraine. China, the worlds third largest country in the area but the worlds most populous country, has these fourteen neighbors: Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Vietnam. Brazil, the worlds fifth largest country, has ten neighbors: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, France (French Guiana), Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Few Neighbors Countries that occupy only islands (such as Australia, Japan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Iceland) may have no neighbors, although some island countries do share a border with a country (such as the United Kingdom and Ireland, Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and Papua New Guinea and Indonesia). There are ten non-island countries that share a border with only one country. These countries include Canada (which shares a border with the United States), Denmark (Germany), Gambia (Senegal), Lesotho (South Africa), Monaco (France), Portugal (Spain), Qatar (Saudi Arabia), San Marino (Italy), South Korea (North Korea), and the Vatican City (Italy).

After Apple Picking, by Robert Frost - 1043 Words

This paper is about â€Å"After Apple Picking,† by Robert Frost, from the perspectives of Carl Phillips and Priscilla Paton. I would like to focus more on Carl Phillips discussion of â€Å"After Apple Picking† as his article has more focus on an actual argument on what â€Å"After Apple Picking† is about compared to Paton’s article which is more about how Frost went about writing his poems though his usage of metaphors and vague colloquialisms . Neither article was solely about â€Å"After Apple Picking,† but both had a few good observations and comments about the poem. Phillips main observation, and argument, was that â€Å"After Apple Picking† was about restlessness and ambition. â€Å"It’s a poem of restlessness, the restlessness of an ambition that spurs us towards†¦show more content†¦In contrast, Phillips states animal sleep is different because the trouble of human sleep â€Å"is presumably not the experience of a woo dchuck, or of any other animal that leads a life of pure instinct without the ability to reason, at least in the human terms in which we think of reasoning† (Phillips 135). I agree with Phillips’ argument that â€Å"After Apple Picking† is about restlessness and ambition. The apple picker is never satisfied because he can’t pick every apple and eventually becomes self-aware in his pursuit of perfection that he will never be satisfied because he will not be able to save every apple from the cider heap. His ambition for a great harvest makes him restless and eventually the apple picker becomes tired of apple picking, probably due to his failure to reach his unobtainable goal. The ending of â€Å"After Apple Picking† ties in well with the uncertainty that Phillips spent so much time discussing earlier in his article. The apple picker is unsure of what sleep awaits him, which bothers him and causes him distress. The fear of not knowing, and being unable to draw stable conclusions about the near future causes the apple picker to pause and think about possibilities of the sleep that awaits him. Even the style of â€Å"After Apple Picking† is reminiscent of uncertainty and restlessness. Paton wrote a whole article on how Frost went about writing his poems and one of her key observations was that Frost liked toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of After Apple Picking By Robert Frost1381 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"After Apple-Picking† is an early work by Robert Frost. The poem portrays the hypnagogia of sleep by describing the fleeting moments before the speaker falls into deep slumber. The poem is written in the first-person point of view and is most likely a depiction of Frost himself. Frost wrote this poem when he was around forty to fifty years old. In the twentieth century, he would have been considered to be close to the end of his life and this could have been his initial inspiration for the poem.Read MoreAnalysis Of After Apple-Picking By Robert Frost1081 Words   |  5 PagesIn his poem â€Å"After Apple-Picking,† Robert Frost tells the story of an apple- picker who believes that any task completed incorrectly is worthless. Frost’s vivid descriptions of the apple-picker’s experience engage the reader in the poem, causing them to identify with his perspective. However, Frost simultaneously questions the reliability of his judgment by using the metaphor of the apple-picker looking through a window and the exclusion of sensory details to emphasize his detachment from realityRead MoreAfter Apple-Picking. Robert Frost, The Author Of â€Å"After1777 Words   |  8 PagesAfter Apple-Picking Robert Frost, the author of â€Å"After Apple-Picking†, preferred to write in a traditional form and pattern of English poetry. He is known for being a straight forward author, although he is not always easy to read. His effects, even though they are simple, depend upon a certain slyness for which the reader must be prepared (Frost 1). â€Å"After Apple-Picking† is one of Frost’s least formal poems. It is written in first person and is compiled of forty-two lines with two to eleven syllablesRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of After Apple-Picking By Robert Frost1215 Words   |  5 PagesFrom â€Å"After Apple-Picking† by Robert Frost Lines 1-8 â€Å"My long two-pointed ladder’s sticking through a tree Toward heaven still, And there’s a barrel that I didn’t fill Beside it, and there may be two or three Apples I didn’t pick upon some bough. But I am done with apple-picking now. Essence of winter sleep is on the night, The scent of apples: I am drowsing off.† In the selected lines from Robert Frost’s â€Å"After Apple-Picking,† Frost creates the setting for the poem through time indicators, whileRead MoreRobert Frost s Poem After Apple Picking918 Words   |  4 PagesRobert frost was one of the most critically accepted and widely admired American poets in the twentieth century. He was honored for his achievement with multiple Pulitzer Prizes for his work in poetry. He uses vivid detail about nature and has been called a natural poet although, he denies such view. Robert frost work is more of the human condition which are they key aspect being related to being a human. He was so beloved because he understood the key aspect of being related to human and wrote poetryRead MoreRobert Frost s Poem After Apple Picking950 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frost was one of the great American poets. His poems inspired and still inspire people of today’s time. His work will live on forever. All of his poems have a deep intellectual meaning to them. They make you think about what really matters in life. They make you question where you are in your life. Robert Frost once said, â€Å"Poetry is about the grief.† It is clear that this was Frost’s intention for each poem he wrote. For example, in After Apple-Picking the poem is about a man who seems toRead MoreEssay on The Intricate Meanings of Robert Frost s Poetry784 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frost is considered by many to be one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century. Frost’s work has been regarded by many as unique. Frost’s poems mainly take place in nature, and it is through nature that he uses sense appealing-vocabulary to immerse the reader into the poem. In the poem, â€Å"Hardwood Groves†, Frost uses a Hardwood Tree that is losing its leaves as a symbol of life’s vicissitudes. â€Å"Frost recognizes that before things in life are raised up, they must fall down† (BloomRead MoreEssay about Ro bert Lee Frost1452 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Lee Frost The mark of a great poet is his ability to engage the reader so that they analyse their own lives. Robert Lee Frost (1874 – 1963) – an influential American poet often associated with rural New England – is brilliant at this and uses poetry as a platform for the expression of his own general ideology. Frost’s belief that human society was often chaotic and stressful and that the meaning of life is elusive, has been promoted in his poetry. Frost looked to nature, whose undyingRead MoreThe Dark Side of Robert Frost’s Nature Essay2339 Words   |  10 PagesRobert Frost is known for his poems about nature, he writes about trees, flowers, and animals. This is a common misconception, Robert Frost is more than someone who writes a happy poem about nature. The elements of nature he uses are symbolic of something more, something darker, and something that needs close attention to be discovered. Flowers might not always represent beauty in Robert Frostâ€℠¢s poetry. Symbolism is present in every line of the nature’s poet’s poems. The everyday objects presentRead MoreMotifs Of Nature : Frost, A New England Poet2462 Words   |  10 PagesMotifs of Nature: Frost, a New England Poet Robert Frost, famous for his poems about nature, was a New England poet and farmer. Frost was born in 1879, in the state of California. At the age of eleven, Frost’s father died and subsequently the family moved to New England. Although Frost was born in California, he identified with the working farmers of New England. Frost bought his first farm in Derry, New Hampshire. Owning his own farm gave Frost firsthand experience with agriculture and living with

Principles Free Essays

This work was made in order to explain the principles of economics that is handled in society or a country. People, companies, the government and society must face a common problem: managing scarce resources. Scarcity means that society has limited resources and therefore can not produce all the goods and services that people want to have (unlimited wants). We will write a custom essay sample on Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now To address the shortage must choose between different alternatives available (go to the stadium or a party, buy a coat or a suit) . The economy is the social science that studies the choices that individuals, genuineness, government and society made to face shortages. It is based on ten principles grouped as follows. Objectives What kind of questions about the economy? How individuals make decisions? How do the Individuals? How does the economy as a whole? ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES The principles of economics are based on ten principles grouped as follows: Group 1: Principles that govern how Individuals make decisions. Else they want. Making decisions is choosing between two objectives. If a student studies, it is leaving a few hours of sleep. If a parent buys food, you are not buying someone else’s reduce. When they decide to spend an additional weight in a well, are having a weight less to spend on other goods or services. Individuals are grouped to form companies which also face these dilemmas. Example, buy more weapons for national defense or increase public spending to improve wages or offer better education. In developing an economic policy, society is faced with the dilemma between efficiency and equity, ‘e, thinning the most of scarce resources and the equitable sharing of the benefits of these resources among its members. 2 The cost of something is what is forgone to obtain it. As individuals face tradeoffs, making decisions should compare the costs and benefits of different alternatives. While determining a benefit is relatively obvious, appears equal to the event cost. Consider for example the decision to study (in college or high school). The benefits of this decision can be summarized as intellectual enrichment and a better employment opportunities after graduation. Among the costs have the monetary cost of tuition, fees, food, transportation, photocopying, books and materials that will address over the years of study, but in addition we must consider the use of time devoted to study. The valuation of this time corresponds to the higher salary that would have earned by working instead of studying. This is what is known as opportunity cost alternative higher value that is left to do to get something (in other words, what you give up is the cost of what we get). 3 Rational people think at the margin. Manama describes the desire for a rational person to buy a good as if it were based on the marginal surplus that person would bring an extra element. Manama points out the difference in value between water and diamonds. A marginal increase in the water supply of a person rarely involves a significant cost to that person. On the Usually the decisions that individuals make are not only two aspects, there is a range of possibilities. So a student does not choose between studying for a contest O hours or 24 hours a day, choose an intermediate time. These small additional adjustments to a plan of action are known as marginal changes. Individuals and companies can make better decisions thinking at the margin. A decision is rational only if the marginal benefit involved is greater than the marginal cost. Suppose that an airline must decide how much to charge passengers for a flight between Santiago and Miami. Suppose the round trip on a plane with a capacity of 200 seats is $ 900,000. In this case, the average cost per seat is $ 4,500. One might be tempted in this case to conclude that the airline should not sell tickets at prices below $ 4. 500. Sin But the airline can increase profits marginally thinking. Suppose the flight is about to leave with 20 empty seats, and suppose there is a passenger waiting to take the plane and is willing to pay $ 3,000 for it. Should the airline sell you a ticket? Of course you do. If the plane has empty seats, the cost of adding a passenger is negligible: although the average cost is $ 4,500, the marginal cost is simply the food that the extra passenger will consume. So, while the passenger was willing to pay more than the marginal cost, selling a ticket is profitable. 4 People respond to incentives. Individuals decide comparing costs and benefits, but their behavior may change if the costs and benefits change. Example, if you raise the price of a kilo of apples this becomes an incentive to buy pears. If the government maintains the fuel tax is an incentive to increase purchases of cheap cars. Group 2: Principles relating to the way in which individuals interact. Trade can improve the welfare of each individual. This is because there specialization. A family may decide to move in the field and build your home, grow food, raise cattle, produce wool and leather to make clothing, etc. But not everyone has the skills to perform all those tasks which makes the action is inefficient. That’s why there is trade (between individuals, businesses, countries) where each actor specializes in what it does best and this eventually leads to there being a greater quantity and variety of goods and services at lower cost as their production is efficient (so there Fats) 6. Arrests are a good way to organize economic activity. Currently the market economy has shifted to centralized economies, IEEE those in which the central government planning models determined what occurred, who did it, how much and who consumed him. The market economy involves the decisions of millions of individuals and businesses. People decide what to buy with their incomes and firms decide what to produce. These individuals and firms interacting in markets for goods and services where prices and self-interest guide their decisions. As stated in the above principle, the markets are good regulators of economic activity, over at times the state should intervene to promote efficiency and equity. This happens when â€Å"market failures† which are situations in which the market alone does not efficiently allocate resources are presented. Externalities and market power are two examples of market failures. Externalities are consequences that the action of an individual or company has on the welfare of another individual or company. Example is pollution; a company in the production process pollutes not try to decrease unless the State applies fines for polluting. Market power, meanwhile, is defined as the ability of an agent or a small group of them to significantly influence market prices. This is the case of monopolies, oligopolies, monopoly (ANSI, Arafat) and oligopolies (supermarkets who buy vegetables to farmers). Group 3: principles of how the economy works as a whole. 8 The standard of living of a country depends on its ability to produce goods and services. Productivity levels, IEEE, the amount of goods and services produced for each hour of work are key determinant of living standards of the countries. Thus, a country with high productivity will have more products and its people have more clothes, more DOD, more cars, etc. , which makes your standard of living is high compared to countries with low productivity where the supply of products is lower. This leads us to note that the growth rate of productivity of a country determines the growth rate of its average income. Obviously that productivity is not the only determinant of quality of life, but the most important. Others are public policies that foster education, technology acquisition, training of employees, etc. 9 Prices rise when the government prints too much money. A government decides to increase the amount of money when it is not able to solve TTS spending to revenues (taxes, patents, etc. , the problem is that this leads to inflation, IEEE the increase in the general level of prices in the economy . A high and prolonged inflation imposes some costs on society, so keep at a low level is a goal of those responsible for the economic policy of a government (and worldwide). 10 Society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. The inflation problem could be solved if the government reduces the amount of money in the economy, but the solution is not real ly as simple as closely (inversely) with inflation is unemployment. This is reflected in the Phillips curve: If the overspent decides to actually decrease the amount of money in order to reduce inflation, a general fall in prices (more lengthen the short term), resulting in a drop in occurs corporate income, if this happens, companies will seek to decrease their costs financial management conclusion In conclusion this work we did with the learning or understanding of economic principles which are governed in a country that are 10 principles to consider in a given economy, we will see a summary of each of them, to know . People face tradeoffs. To have something, we usually sacrifice something else, either time, money or other sources. 2 The Cost of Something is what you give up to get. Everything has a cost and a benefit. Our decisions will compare these costs and benefits between the alternatives. Here comes the issue of opportunity cost, which basically refers to what you give up to get something else. 3 Rational People Think at the Margin. People m ake decisions by comparing costs and benefits in terms of margin. This involves knowing the benefits and costs of each decision alternative. 4 The People Respond to Incentives. Marginal changes in costs or benefits motivate people to respond. Then decisions will sake an alternative when the marginal benefit is greater than marginal cost. 5 The Exchange can make everyone better. People earn for their ability to exchange something for something else. This exchange allows people can specialize in what it does best. Markets are Usually a Good Way To Organize Economic Activity. In a market economy there is a relationship between the families and businesses. On the one hand families decide what they will buy and who will work for this and on the other hand businesses decide what will be produced and who will hire for this. 7 Governments sometimes can improve economic performance. When markets fail, the government can intervene to promote efficiency and equity. How to cite Principles, Papers Principles Free Essays Airdrop is the act of extracting cargo out of the back of the airplane while the airplane is flying. The loaders section consists of 30 session ready airman. In order to accomplish this mission every member of the airlift squadron must remain current on all training items. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every six months there are a number of training events that must take place for every member. Without accomplishing each event, the member becomes â€Å"not mission ready† and this, in turn effects the entire squadron. In order to keep everyone mission ready, the chief loaders, Scams Ballard, schedules weekly flying for everyone in the unit. Each member can accomplish a limited number of tasks per flight, so in order to accomplish the entire list of acquirement, a member must fly nearly once every two weeks. This unit, being an Air National Guard unit has its limitations as most members have outside full-time jobs and have limited availability. This makes scheduling difficult for Scams Ballard because it is his job to ensure everyone is mission ready. Managers abilities (Planning, Organizing, Directing, Controlling) â€Å"Planning is the logical thinking through goals and making the decision as to what needs to be accomplished in order to reach the section’s, department’s or organization’s objectives. Organization is a matter of appointing individuals to assignments or responsibilities that blend together to develop one purpose, to accomplish the goals. It is supervising, or leading workers to accomplish the goals of the organization. The process that guarantees plans are being implemented properly is the controlling process (Trident University, n,d). Scams Ballard is a great manager and leader. He oversees 30 members of our unit in every aspect of the workplace. He delegates certain areas to other supervisors in the unit; like medical readiness, the seasoning training program, safety, and other areas. Scams Ballard plans the schedule for our nit so that everyone remains mission ready and readily deployable. Deploying overseas to help other forces is the most important aspect of our job. Scams Ballard also ensures that members who have been flying for a while help out the newest members. The squadron has yearly flight evaluations that must be planned and scheduled so that our unit can ensure everyone knows how to do their job the right way. Scams Ballard and 2 other high ranking members of our unit act as flight evaluators. If during a flight they feel that a member isn’t being safe or doing their job correctly, he can immediately disqualify that member from flying. If a member fails his/her evaluation they must fly with an instructor and start the process of becoming re-qualified over a long period. Scams Ballard is also in charge of assigning annual training days for each member. In the Air National Guard, each member is required to have 15 days of active duty training (part of the one weekend a month and two weeks a year slogan). He notifies everyone that they can schedule those annual training days and everyone submits their requested days. He is in charge of ensuring everyone shows up on time and is available to accomplish squadron tasks. Department Issues There are a few issues in the department but the biggest area of concern is keeping everyone mission ready. Performing in-flight tasks is at the discretion of the member, as they are required to submit availability sheets to Scams Ballard, so that he knows when people are available. For example, if airdrops are only performed on Tuesdays and Thursdays and the member is only available on Wednesdays, it will be difficult to keep that person up to date. There are other areas, like computer based training, that everyone in the Air Force has to accomplish, but these are additional items on top of our light requirements that Scams Ballard must keep track of. A second issue is the availability of aircraft to perform required tasks. The airplanes at the squadron are nearly 20 years Old, and are starting to wear down. This means more time in the maintenance shop being fixed and repaired. The more time an airplane spends in the hangar, the less time members of the unit get to fly it. How to cite Principles, Papers

Mentors free essay sample

I believe in order for a mentor program to be successful there should be a formal type of structure with support from all levels of management. I believe that employees who are going into the mentoring program as either Mentees or Mentors should also be motivated individuals who choose to participate and not instructed to do so.If I were building a mentoring program I would first start with a formal structure that would have a set up of expectations as a mentor and a mentee of what is expected from both parties. I would complete a match process for mentors to mentees that would use a character/trait comparison of what accomplishments both have and attempt to match up the mentors to mentees with strong consideration of experiences both parties have. 2. Protege’s would benefit from a mentor in several ways, first they gain a better understand of the work culture that exists form the mentor. We will write a custom essay sample on Mentors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In that the mentor can show the Protege much of the culture in the organization in which the Protege can learn from the mentor how to interact with others throughout the organization. The mentor can also learn from the Protege in a different manner such as learning a new perspective from that individual. The mentor can also learn a leadership style such as transformational in which they learn how to influence the Protege to become a successful individual within the organization. 3. I would say the primary trust in mentor relationships would be Knowledge-Based Trust.I believe that most mentoring relationships are created so that the mentor can share their knowledge to the mentee and they establish a trust in that type of relationship so that the Mentor can provide the knowledge they have learned over a long period of time to the mentee. By having a mentor with a fair amount of seniority or experience in the organization the mentee can learn from the mentor what to expect in different situations from the experience the mentor has had with similar occurrences in that situation. 4. I would say that charismatic and transformational type of leaders would be the best type of leaders for a mentor relationship.In particular leaders with Idealized influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration characteristics would be the best to look for in a mentor relationship. Leaders with Laissez-Faire, Management by Exception (passive active) characteristics are going to be the best mentors because they generally are not going to be an effective leader compared to the other leaders who lead by example. Eric Ringenberg Business 318 Case Study 3 The Politics of Backstabbing (Chapter 14) Pg 477 1.I believe that some individuals just have a ‘built in’ character that in a way allows them to backstab others for their gain. What I mean by this is that the person’s character is flawed in the manner that they don’t see the actions they are doing as un-ethical; instead they determine the actions are necessary to get the end result of a goal they set no matter the cost to others. I believe that over time individuals lose site of their ethics and began to engage in political backstabbing as a way to get ahead because this practice has begun to become a norm for organizational politics.In particular I believe the main contributing factor is the environment that the individual is presented into in such that if the organization looks the other way when political backstabbing occurs then that individual is going to learn its ok and they can get what they want from backstabbing others. If the organization leaders/management realize and understand that the actions taken are backstabbing and don’t reward that individual engaging in backstabbing then individuals in that organization will be les s likely to engage in backstabbing actions. . First establish to my management that this person is not my friend and instead focus on actions I have done compared to what that colleague is saying. I would also go directly to my manager and say that I feel I am not being treated fairly by this individual and I would also try to show all documentation given by that colleague to indicate how they have been engaging in a backstabbing manner. 3. Ethically speaking I do not believe political backstabbing should be used and I do not see any manner in which it would be justifiable.In my opinion your actions speak louder than your words, so if you use political back stabbing as means to gain power or more authority it does catch up to you one way or another. Either through management realizing you are not an effective leader or demotion because the company does not allow for political backstabbing. 4. I think that the individual who continues to use backstabbing or other illegitimate behaviors began to lose trust of other colleagues.The company itself may receive a bad perception or may also receive bad public relations if individuals in the organization are found guilty of criminal action, then the entire company is viewed as an ‘un-ethical’ company. I believe that by committing illegitimate behaviors more and more often individuals in the company lose sight of what is ethical vs. what is unethical and as that line becomes more and more distorted the organization as a whole also begins to receive negative public relations.

4 Popular Camel Spider Myths and the Truth Behind Them

4 Popular Camel Spider Myths and the Truth Behind Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve no doubt seen pictures of camel spiders before, usually accompanied by a story about deadly bites, camel eating, or chasing people across the desert. Thanks to chain letters, camel spiders have a reputation as being fearsome, terrifying predators- but is that warranted? In this article, we’ll be covering the facts and fictions of camel spiders, including where they’re found and what they eat, as well as some biological information about how camel spiders fit into their environment. Read on to learn more about camel spiders! JonRichfield/Wikimedia Commons What’s a Camel Spider? Whether you love the Arachnida class or you’d prefer to never see them again, camel spiders, or Solifugae, are pretty intimidating. Part of that comes from their many names- they’re commonly called camel spiders, but also wind scorpions or sun spiders. Anything that can be called either a spider or a scorpion is bound to look a little off-putting, and Solifugae’s long body, many legs, and large fangs certainly don’t help its reputation. In fact, Solifugae are neither true spiders nor true scorpions. Unlike scorpions, they have no tails, and unlike spiders, they do not belong to the order Araneae and lack spinnerets and silk, though they are arachnids. They vary in size, with body lengths usually falling between 2 inches and 3 inches, though their legs can be several inches long, making them look even larger. They also have what appears to be a fifth set of legs, called pedipalps, that work something like antennae. Pedipalps aren’t used for walking, but do aid in locomotion as they help detect obstacles and food. Camel spiders are often associated with Middle Eastern deserts thanks to popular chain letters that began circulating during the Persian Gulf War and the Iraq War. However, that’s not quite accurate- camel spiders have a much wider habitat than most people would care to think about! Where Do Camel Spiders Live? Camel Spiders do live in the deserts of the Middle East, but they also live in a whole lot of other deserts, as well. In fact, they can be found everywhere on earth except Australia and Antarctica. It’s not a surprise that camel spiders can’t be found in Antarctica, but why not Australia? Unfortunately, it’s hard to say- observing solifugids in the wild is quite difficult, and they don’t survive well in captivity. This makes them exceedingly difficult to study. Camel spiders prefer desert biomes, but can also be found in everything from scrub to forests. Because there are some 1,100 subspecies of Solifugae, there’s quite a lot of variance in where they appear and what they eat. JonRichfield/Wikimedia Commons What Do Camel Spiders Eat? So what do camel spiders eat? Is it camels? Humans? Well, it’s a little bit of everything. Camel spiders are carnivorous or omnivorous, so pretty much anything is on the table. This is especially true because camel spiders, unlike many similar creatures, don’t just spin a web and wait for prey to come to them. Solifugids are hunters. They run, and they run fast- about 10 miles per hour. Their speed means they can eat everything from small insects to lizards, birds, and rodents depending on availability. Camel spiders use their chelicerae, a scientific name for the jaws of the arthropod group Chelicerata, to cut into prey. Their chelicerae function similar to a crab’s pincers, allowing camel spiders to do everything from shearing feathers to cutting through bone. However, it’s important to note that, while fast and strong, camel spiders primarily hunt for food that is only a bit bigger than they are. They don’t have venom of any kind, and though their bites can be painful (their chelicerae are no joke), they are simply not equipped for consuming large, strong prey, including camels and humans. Braboowi/Wikimedia Commons Common Myths About Camel Spiders One of the primary sources for interest in camel spiders comes from a chain letter circulated in the early 90s and again toward the beginning of the Iraq War, which reads: From someone stationed in Baghdad. He was recently bitten by a camel spider which was hiding in his sleeping bag. I thought you’d like to see what a camel spider looks like. It’ll give you a better idea of what our troops are dealing with. Enclosed is a picture of his friend holding up two spiders. Warning: not for the squeamish! This picture is a perfect example of why you don’t want to go to the desert. These are 2 of the biggest I’ve ever seen. With a vertical leap that would make a pro basketball player weep with envy (they have to be able to jump up on to a camels stomach after all), they latch on and inject you with a local anesthesia so you can’t feel it feeding on you. They eat flesh, not just suck out your juices like a normal spider. I’m gonna be having nightmares after seeing this photo! Is any of this true? Should we really be fearing that camel spiders are going to creep up on people while they’re sleeping, numb them, and eat their flesh? Let’s take a look at some of the most prominent things people believe about camel spiders and whether or not they’re accurate. Myth 1: Camel Spiders Are Huge Camel spiders aren’t small- they range in size from two to three inches in the body, plus several inches of legs- but many famous photos of the creatures often make them look as if they’re more like a foot or so in length. This kind of trickery can be accomplished with careful positioning, making it look as though a camel spider is the same size as a human leg when in fact it is just a few inches long. Myth 2: Camel Spiders Are So Named Because They Eat Camels According to urban legend, camel spiders are particularly frightening spiders that jump up, grab a camel’s belly, inject them with a numbing venom, and eat chunks from their bodies. Naturally, this horrific story could also happen to people. However, almost none of this is true. Camel spiders don’t jump, as they have no need to- their pedipalps seek out prey in front of them, which is more than sufficient in keeping them fed. Since they don’t jump, they definitely don’t cling to a camel’s body. But could one inject venom into a sleeping camel? Nope, because camel spiders don’t have any venom. Their jaws do more than enough to keep them fed. Though they are hunters, they primarily hunt things that are around their size or slightly smaller, and their chelicerae are quite capable of killing and cutting prey on their own. Once food has been chopped up, it’s liquified and eaten. So in a sense, that last part of the myth- that camel spiders eat chunks of flesh- is sort of true, but there’s no jumping, no venom, and no camels involved. Myth 3: Camel Spiders Chase People As previously mentioned, camel spiders are fast. But as we know, camel spiders don’t eat people and therefore have no real reason to chase them. So why might a camel spider be seen to chase a human anyway? Camel spiders are nocturnal. Desert nights are cooler, and camel spiders do their hunting at night. If you see a camel spider out in the day, it’s probably looking for shade- something a human can offer through its shadow. That’s why it may look as though a camel spider is chasing a person. It might run after a human, pausing when the human pauses, in search of cool shade. Myth 4: Camel Spiders Scream as They Chase People We’ve already established that camel spiders might follow people to stay in the shade of their shadow, but â€Å"chasing† isn’t quite accurate. It should be no surprise that the claim that they scream as they’re chasing people is also false. Camel spiders may stridulate- rubbing together two body parts to produce a sound- but do not actually scream. Stridulation may produce a buzzing or hissing sound, but not a scream. It’s all an urban legend! What’s Next? If you find camel spider biology interesting, AP biology may be the class for you! Take a look through the AP biology syllabus to see if it interests you. Does your spider interest extend beyond camel spiders? Learn about garden spiders and why most people don't need to worry about them here. Need some help studying for AP biology? These AP biology notes can help you out! Whether you just like to gross people out a little bit or you need to calm down after looking at all those camel spider facts, this slime recipe might be exactly what you need.

Why Wharton School of Business and How to Get In

Why Wharton School of Business and How to Get In Established in 1881 as the first business school in the United States, the  University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School of Business is consistently recognized as one of the  best business schools in the world. It is renowned for innovative teaching methods and a wide range of academic programs and resources and boasts the worlds largest and most cited faculty.   WhartonPrograms Wharton School offers a wide range of business programs for students at every education level. Program offerings include   Pre-College Programs, Undergraduate Program,   MBA Program,   Executive MBA Program,   Doctoral Programs,   Executive Education,   Global Programs, and Interdisciplinary Programs.   Undergraduate Program The four-year  undergraduate program leads to a Bachelor of Science in Economics degree for every student. However, undergraduate students can choose from 20 concentration options to broaden their education. Concentration examples include finance, accounting, marketing, information management, real estate, global analysis, actuarial science, and more. MBA Program The MBA curriculum offers a wide range of classes that give students the power to create their own individualized major. After completing the first year of the core curriculum, students have the opportunity to concentrate on their individual interests and goals. Wharton offers 200 electives in 15 interdisciplinary programs so that students can fully customize their educational experience.   Doctoral Program The Doctoral Program is a full-time program offering 10 specialized fields, including accounting, business and public policy, ethics and legal study, finance, healthcare systems, Insurance and risk management, marketing, operations and information management, real estate, and statistics. WhartonAdmissions Applications are accepted online or in the classic paper format. Admission requirements vary by program.

Operationalisation of management and leadership development into Essay

Operationalisation of management and leadership development into practice - Essay Example Leadership and management are the two most confused terms in the corporate world, with both used interchangeably in the corporate parlance. One is thought to be the replacement of the other. Although, management or managers and leaders are two different spheres in an organisational environment, at many places both of them overlap each other. So, we will look at the various aspects of leadership and management with respect to the company GE (General Electric) and see how the two integrate while maintaining the disparity to make this organisation number one enterprise and importantly the best training or developmental ‘school’ for future leaders and managers. To discuss, the management and leadership development, the paper will first critically discuss the current literature on leadership development, focusing on the two leadership developmental processes, leadership training (Flowers 2004) and leadership development programs. Then the paper will delve into pros and cons o f each process to judge whether both the leadership development processes can work effectively with specific emphasis on GE. In recent years the importance of leadership in the organisation has become an area of principle interest. Leadership has been noted to impact corporate culture (Ruchlin 2004), employee commitment and response (Chiok 2001) and the overall performance of the organisation (Peterson, Smith, and Martorana 2003). A precursory overview of the current literature on leadership in the organisation suggests that there are currently two different programs that are utilized for improving the outcomes of leadership: leadership training (Flowers 2004) and leadership development programs (Pernick 2001). While each type of program appears to have the same intent in terms of optimizing leader efficiency, both types of programs are different with each having pros and cons. With the realization that optimizing leadership in the organisation is such an important, there is a

Intellectual property protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Intellectual property protection - Essay Example The scope of the work will cover the conventions in design management and intellectual property rules and processes. In addition to this, relevant elements of international intellectual property law as regulated by the key stakeholders like the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) will be integrated into the study to form the parameters of the discussion Patents are rights to new or useful ideas (Motro, 2012). Thus, if a designer creates a new idea and a new concept, that individual can seek to register it as a patent. A patent is used for inventions and there is the individual who registers a patent has the general authority or license to confer rights for replication of the design or concept (Cannady, 2010). The fundamental requirement for a patent registration is that the idea being patented by a designer is new and useful (Dworkin and Taylor, 2011). Thus, in the world of design, as long as a design is useful and new, a designer can register it. The idea must be one that does not exist and it can be attained if a design can be applied in a scientific way or manner. The advantage of patents over other forms of registration of intellectual property is that it excludes others (Waller, 2011). This protects the legal rights and limits replications through licensing opportunity which brings the inventor royalties (Yu, 2007). This can be easily extended to different nations around the world (Yu, 2007). The disadvantage of patents on the other hand is that it lasts for only 20 y ears (Waller, 2011). It is expensive to register a patent and the requirements are extremely complicated. There is also a long time requirement for people registering patents. Another approach to the registration of a design is to use trademarks. Trademarks are however different from patents and might not be applicable to some forms of designs (Bowen, 1994). The essential role of trademarks is that it gives a commercial

Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology Information processing systems in the brain are studied under Cognitive psychology (Sternberg, 2008). Cognitive psychology is a broad range of study, which includes the study of internal mental conditions, thinking, and language, solving problems, processing information, artificial intelligence, development of infants, feelings and how the mind performs these functions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Development of Cognitive psychology has provided many significant points in research and has turned out to be a most important discipline in psychology that looks inside the mental processes, for example, solving problems, language, and memory, the study of how an individual thinks, perceives, remembers, learns, and then behaves. In the later part of the 19th century several psychologists became increasingly interested in the field of cognition. Considering theories of earlier behaviorists, for example Jean Piaget in the early part of the 19th century with his attention on the thoughts of children, B.F. Skinner in the mid-19th century with his operant conditioning, or Noam Chomsky who challenged B.F. Skinners idea some years later. After many doubts and uncertainties of the ability of the research attained from the behaviorists, currently what is known as cognitive psychology replaced these theories. Therefore, the interest with the study of cognition starts to increase and cognition turns out to be an enormous concept in psychology, which has been known as the cognitive revolution, and then became to be known as cognitive psychology. A significant point in the advancement of cognitive psychology begins with a psychologist named Wilhelm Wundt, who was the first individual to identify the subject of psychology, in the last part of the 18th century (Taylor, 2005). Wundt thought that psychology dealt with the examination of experience (structuralism), which he described in a table of the brain that was similar to the periodic table. Another psychologist, whos name was William James, challenged Wundts findings. The research that James conducted, allowed James to recognize that, Mental processes must have a purpose; they must be for something (Willingham, 2007, p. 15). In other words, the experience of an individual was not what was important but the meaning of the experience to the individual (functionalism). Additionally, William James took part in the James-Lange Theory. This theory indicates that an individuals emotion that is experienced is based upon the decided action in which the individual engaged in. After st ructuralism (Wundt) and functionalism (James), a theorist emerged to challenge the theories of James and Wundt, this theorist was named John Watson. Watsons theory is known as behaviorism and was based upon his own beliefs. After Wundts structuralism and James functionalism, a theorist named John Watson emerged and challenged both Wundts and James theories by his own beliefs, which is known as behaviorism. Behaviorism can be described as what an individual is doing or is observed to be doing by another individual. Watsons theory indicated, first study the individuals behavior and make an assumption, then determine the basic relations between the stimuli and the response. Watson believed that a stimuli and a response can be interchangeable. After Watsons theories of behaviorism, the decline of behaviorism began and another theory was started to study the mind, this other theory compared the mind to a computer. This theory turned into the bond connecting behaviorism and cognitive psychology. As technology advanced, this comparison of the mind to a computer allowed psychologists to understand more of the internal human, which became a major part in how theorists studied human thought processes and behaviors. Behavioral observation of psychologists transformed curiosity of the mental process was brought about by the development of the computer (Rosenzweig, Breedlove, Watson, 2005). This development offered a fascinating image of the human mind, which associated the computer to the brain. The computer codes used, offered a step-by-step model of how information obtained from the environment each day is recorded, stored, and recovered to provide a response. The formation of computer comparison gave psychologists the idea to begin a plan for information processing models of the human thought process and behavior. The goal of a cognitive psychologist is to understand the action of humans performing intellectual tasks and to form assumptions of the summary of the methods motivating the behavior. Cognitive psychologists offer theories about what is occurring inside an individuals mind on the basis of that individuals external behaviors. Without a doubt, there is no way to recognize for sure what is happening inside the brain of a human being. What is important is that the theory be accurate in determining an individuals action in a challenging situation. Cognitive Psychology is an extensive subject that deals with the different functions taking place inside the mind of an individual. Through the growth of this subject, psychologists are at this time able to understand humans behaviors and thought processes. Reference Rosenzweig, M.R., Breedlove, S.M., Watson, N.V. (2005). Biological Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience (4th ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sternberg, J. R. (2008). Cognitive Psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Publishing. Taylor, L. (2005). Introducing Cognitive Development. New York, NY: Psychology Press Inc. Willingham, D.T. (2007). Cognition, The Thinking Animal (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Their Eyes Were Watching God Critical Essay

In 1937, Zora Neale Hurston, author of Their Eyes Were Watching God writes about an African American woman named Janie Crawford who is in search of her inner self. While maturing, she develops more sexual desires which led to her three marriages. In The Kiss of Memory, Tracy L. Bealer talks about how love can be so many things and can be a struggle for Janie from her three very different marriages. Developing sexual desires made Nanny realize that a new life should be put ahead of Janie. Nanny then forces Janie into her first marriage with a man named Logan Killicks. Nanny chooses Logan because she feels marriage to a rich man will shield Janie from both sexual availability and thankless labor. † (Bealer) But Janie thinks different, while she is with Logan, she doesn’t feel loved or comfortable with him. Always having the responsibility to farm and work, she just felt used. After meeting Joe Starks one day, she finds herself thinking that â€Å"he spoke for change and c hance† (28). She thinks that being with Joe will get her out of her unhealthy marriage with Logan, and so she left.Having the mayor of Eatonville being her husband, she feels as if she is on top of the world. But all that changes over time when he gets abusive verbally and physically which made her feel as if she’s an object rather than a person. This all led to the end of her second marriage. After her two marriages had failed, she met Tea Cake who made her feel special and happy again. He’s supportive and respectful of Janie’s beliefs unlike Killicks and Starks. â€Å"Naw, it ain't alright wid you. If it was you wouldn't be sayin' dat.Have de nerve tuh say whut you mean† (104). He wants to show her how to speak her mind and be happy and not afraid to say what she wants to say. Although she has had some fights with Tea Cake, she finds someone whom she trusts and loves. In the end, â€Å"Tea Cake's rabies-included madness and the fact that Janie sh oots her husband in self-defense† (Bealer) is the end of their relationship. With every action comes a consequence, in this case it was when Janie, when she started developing sexual desires.Because of her kiss with Johnny, she is forced to get married. With her first husband, she found her second, and with her second, she found her true love, Tea Cake. He loved and respected her like no other and allowed her to speak her mind. Killicks and Starks were both too demanding which led to the fall of their marriage. These memories all came from a single kiss as a 15 year old girl. She is taught to be strong throughout her whole life, but she never really found her true self, just a bunch of memories within her.

A Christian Reading of Hamlet Essay - 1379 Words

A Christian Reading of Hamlet In a famous article, The Christian Tragic Hero, Poet W. H. Auden defines a Christian tragic hero according to the Judeo-Christian view that all people are moral agents and own responsibility for their actions. One of his examples is Macbeth, who listens to the witches and is tempted to commit a crime that he knows is wrong. Auden says that the audiences response to Macbeths fall is, What a pity it was this way when it might have been otherwise. This contrasts with the pagan tragic hero, like Oedipus, who is bound by fate. Because Oedipus can do nothing about his ancestry, the audiences response is, What a pity it had to happen this way. 1 Just as Macbeths tragedy begins when he†¦show more content†¦Indeed, he is echoing the well-known Bible warning: For Satan himself is transformed into an Angel of light. Therefore it is not great thing though his ministers transform themselves, as though they were the ministers of righteousness, whose end shall be according to their works. (II Corinthians 11:14,15)4 Hamlet expresses a moral awareness here, just as Macbeth did when admitted to himself and his wife that murder was wrong. Hamlet is admitting that he could be deceived. He goes on in the above soliloquy, though, to justify himself saying he will use The Murder of Gonzago play to see whether or not the ghost is lying. The Geneva Bible on Ghosts Shakespeares England was patriotically Protestant. From a Protestant perspective there is even more than just the possibility of deception. The Bible prohibits any consultation with the dead. Let none be found among you that...asketh counsel of the dead...because of these abominations the Lord thy God doth cast them out before thee. (Deuteronomy 18:10-12) Just as Hamlet acknowledges in the above quotation, the result of consulting the dead is being cast out--being damned. The tragedy of King Saul in the Bible illustrates this. Saul, the first King of Israel, has turned his back on God, but he is still looking for advice before going to battle against the Philistines. He goes a medium andShow MoreRelatedChristianity in Shakespears Hamlet1148 Words   |  5 Pageslives their life. Christianity plays a strong role throughout Hamlet by William Shakespeare. When reading the play one must think of the controversies of the time when Shakespeare writes the play. Reformation and Renaissance opinions are reflected throughout. Shakespeare deals with very controversial attitudes and religious questions dealing with death, the existence of purgatory, morality, murder, suicide and marriage in his play Hamlet. It is obvious throughout the play that Hamlet’s life is guidedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Suicide And Selfhood Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"This above all, to thine own self be true† (Shakespeare 1.3.78)--suicide and selfh ood: two issues that Hamlet ruminates on throughout Hamlet. Shakespeare reveals the connection between these two ideas through his references to Christianity throughout the play. By juxtaposing characters’ treatment of suicide and murder--two equally grave sins in a world governed by Christian morals--Shakespeare presents suicide as the greater sin because it represents something worse: the annihilation of the selfRead MoreHamlet Essay Holly Silm1491 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Hamlet Essay Holly Silm ‘Explore how time and place are used in Shakespeare’s Hamlet to shape the audience’s understanding of corruption’ The attribution of universality to a particular text is a prerogative of literary criticism that is fraught with the responsibility of contriving reconciliatory persuasions in preservation of the fundamental textual integrity of that text. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet has inspired diverse interpretations regarding its authorial preoccupations, structure andRead MoreHamlet As A Comedy, Witness The Dark Humor1477 Words   |  6 PagesWhile Hamlet is considered a tragedy the humor that is displayed can change it from a tragedy to a tragi-comedy. 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Growing Up In A Big Family - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 685 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Family Essay Did you like this example? I wonder what it would feel like to own something without it going missing after the third day. I wonder what it would feel like not to fight over a seat at the dinner table, or the last dinosaur chicken nugget, or who used the last of the hot water. I often have to wonder what these simple things would feel like if I didn’t grow up with four older brothers, and two older sisters. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Growing Up In A Big Family" essay for you Create order Often it was a battle over all of the little things in life, but these moments of my childhood that had once drove me crazy, now are the things that I appreciate the most. We are definitely a very close family; Meghan, Ryan, Matt, Chris, Chris, Nicolette and I, and yes, I did say Chris twice. That is one of the many questions I recieve on a daily basis when talking about my family. â€Å"So, you have two brothers named Chris?† or â€Å"Wait, so are they your step brothers?†. These questions in particular are the ones that are difficult to explain, especially when I explain that they are my half-brothers. People often try to tell me then, that â€Å"they dont count†, but one thing I learned from each one of my siblings is that whether they are step-siblings, half-siblings, or just your plain old brother and sister, it isnt the textbook definition that matters, what matters is the way that they treat you, and each one of them treated me no different than they had ever treated each other. All six of them individually shaped me into the person I am, and showed me the type of person I wanted to be. Another question that I receive all the time is, â€Å"What is it like growing up in such a big family?†. A huge part of it is that I was rarely ever alone. I can remember a very few amount of times that I actually had the house to myself growing up. People were always coming in and out of my room, or at least yelling about something right outside my door. I became so accustomed to having this full house that when it came to my junior year in high school, and all six of my crazy brothers and sisters were living on their own in Brooklyn, Connecticut, or even right around the block, that there was an uncomfortable amount of quiet in my house. And I absolutely hated it. I no longer had any of my sisters clothes to pick from, or anyone to annoy by standing in front of the TV. I came to appreciate each of them more and more with each quiet day at the house. I missed the craziness. There were many downsides to growing up in such a big family, but the upsides? There was always someone to play with, and always someone to look to when I had a problem. Sometimes, I wouldnt even have to ask, I would just think to myself, â€Å"What would my brother do?†. They taught me responsibility, they taught me how to care for someone, they taught me how to focus on the things that matter, and most importantly, even when I didnt want to hear it, they always told me when I was wrong. I hope I am lucky enough to say that I have a little bit of each of them mixed into my personality. Luckily I had these six people to teach me the most important lessons in life. I learned that it is we, not me. I learned that we all look out for each other without even knowing it, I learned sacrifice, and I most importantly learned that family is everything. Moments like playing the â€Å"run and tackle† game that we made up in the basement, or laying on the couch all squished watching Christmas movies, are the moments that make you realize that all the bickering, and all the crowded rooms make it all worth it, and make me smile from ear to ear, that Im not an only child. And I wouldnt give that up for the world.